Immune dysfunction may occur from residence in space independent of radiation exposure. Without effective countermeasures, prolonged residence in space is expected to predispose most individuals to bone fractures as a result of calcium loss in the microgravity environment. CI may occur even at relatively low doses of radiation which can synergistically enhance morbidity and mortality from T.
The risk of combined injury (CI) to space travelers is a function of exposure to anomalously large surges of a broad spectrum of particulate and photon radiations, conventional trauma (T), and effects of weightlessness including decreased intravascular fluid volume, and myocardial deconditioning. Irradiation injury to the vasculatures and the microenvironment affect the niches for stem cells during the recovery period.Ĭombined injury syndrome in space-related radiation environments
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Our data indicate that irradiation produces free radicals that adversely affect the survival of MSCs in both distal and proximal femora. The total bone volumes were not affected in proximal and distal femora. The osteoclasts and osteoblasts were decreased in the distal femora after irradiation, but no changes were observed in the proximal femora. The blood vessels in the distal femora were destroyed in angiographic images, but not in the proximal femora. Free radicals diffuse ipsilaterally to the proximal femur through bone medullary canal. The levels of free radicals were increased threefold at 1 wk and remained at this high level for 4 wk in distal femora, whereas the levels were increased at 1 wk and returned to the basal level at 4 wk in nonirradiated proximal femur. The number of MSCs in the proximal femur quickly recovered, but no recovery was observed in the distal femur. The MSCs in the circulation doubled at 1 week and increased fourfold after 4 wk of irradiation. We irradiated the distal half of the mouse left femur to study the mechanism of irradiation-induced bone injury and found that no mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were detected in irradiated distal femora or nonirradiated proximal femora. There is no prevention or treatment for irradiation-induced bone injury. Radiation therapy can result in bone injury with the development of fractures and often can lead to delayed and nonunion of bone. Irradiation induces bone injury by damaging bone marrow microenvironment for stem cells.Ĭao, Xu Wu, Xiangwei Frassica, Deborah Yu, Bing Pang, Lijuan Xian, Lingling Wan, Mei Lei, Weiqi Armour, Michael Tryggestad, Erik Wong, John Wen, Chun Yi Lu, William Weijia Frassica, Frank J Irradiation injury to the vasculatures and the microenvironment affect the niches for stem cells during the recovery period.
Irradiation induces bone injury by damaging bone marrow microenvironment for stem cellsĬao, Xu Wu, Xiangwei Frassica, Deborah Yu, Bing Pang, Lijuan Xian, Lingling Wan, Mei Lei, Weiqi Armour, Michael Tryggestad, Erik Wong, John Wen, Chun Yi Lu, William Weijia Frassica, Frank J. RADIATION EFFECTS, *HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM, RADIATION INJURIES, GAMMA RAYS, LEUKOCYTES, BLOOD COUNTS, HEMOGLOBIN, MORTALITY RATE, BONE MARROW, LEUKEMIA, ANEMIAS, RADIATION SICKNESS, RADIATION DOSAGE, USSR. RADIATION INJURY OF MYELOPOIESIS IN MONKEYS,
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